Explanation:A digital signature is a cryptographic mechanism used to verify the authenticity and integrity of a digital message or document. Digital signatures use asymmetric encryption algorithms, where the sender signs the message using their private key, and the receiver verifies it using the sender’s public key. Digital signatures are widely used in secure email communication,…
Explanation:SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are cryptographic protocols used to establish secure communication over networks, particularly the internet. TLS is an improved version of SSL and is widely adopted today. These protocols ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity by encrypting the communication between a client and a server. SSL/TLS is the…
Explanation:AES is a symmetric encryption standard established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It is widely used for securing sensitive information due to its efficiency and robustness. AES operates on fixed block sizes of 128 bits and supports key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits. The algorithm performs multiple rounds…
Explanation:Asymmetric encryption, also known as public-key cryptography, uses two keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. These keys are mathematically related but distinct. This technique provides a secure way to exchange information without requiring prior key sharing. Anyone can encrypt data using the recipient’s public key, but only the recipient…
Explanation:Symmetric encryption is a cryptographic technique where the same key is used for both encrypting and decrypting data. This method is efficient and fast, making it suitable for large volumes of data. The sender and receiver must securely share the same secret key to use symmetric encryption. Popular symmetric encryption algorithms include AES (Advanced Encryption…
Explanation: Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data (ciphertext) back into its original readable form (plaintext) using a cryptographic key or algorithm. This process allows authorized users to access secure information. Decryption plays a critical role in secure communications, as it ensures that sensitive data transmitted over networks can be safely retrieved and understood…
Explanation: Encryption is the process of converting plaintext data into ciphertext using cryptographic algorithms. This ensures that only authorized individuals can access and decipher the information. Encryption is a cornerstone of secure communications. It is used to protect sensitive data during transmission over networks and while stored on devices. Common encryption protocols include SSL/TLS for…
Explanation: Cryptography is the science of securing information by transforming it into an unreadable format using mathematical algorithms. This ensures that only authorized individuals can access and understand the information. The primary goals of cryptography are confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. Cryptographic techniques are commonly used in secure communications, online transactions, and data storage. Modern…
Bus topology is a network setup where all devices share a single central communication cable (bus). Elaboration: Example: Older Ethernet networks used a coaxial bus topology, where all computers connected to a single cable.