Explanation:A worm is a type of self-replicating malware that spreads autonomously across networks without the need for a host program. Unlike viruses, worms do not require user interaction to propagate. Worms exploit vulnerabilities in network protocols and operating systems to spread rapidly across connected devices. They often cause network congestion, system slowdowns, and unauthorized data…
Explanation:A Trojan, or Trojan horse, is a type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate program to deceive users into installing or executing it. Once activated, it can perform various malicious actions. Unlike viruses, Trojans do not replicate themselves. They often serve as a backdoor to systems, allowing attackers to steal data, modify files,…
Explanation:A computer virus is a type of malicious software program designed to spread from one computer to another and interfere with normal operations. It attaches itself to legitimate files or programs and replicates when the infected file is executed. Viruses can corrupt files, consume system resources, steal sensitive information, and disrupt services. Some viruses are…
Explanation:Malware, short for malicious software, is any program or file intentionally created to cause harm, gain unauthorized access, or disrupt normal system operations. Common types of malware include viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, and spyware. Malware can infect computers through malicious websites, phishing emails, and software vulnerabilities. The impact of malware ranges from data theft and…
Explanation:Security auditing is the systematic evaluation of an organization’s security practices, systems, and infrastructure to ensure compliance with security policies and regulations. The audit process involves reviewing access controls, incident response mechanisms, encryption protocols, and data protection measures. Audits may be conducted internally or by third-party entities. Auditors assess the effectiveness of security controls, identify…
Explanation:Penetration testing, often referred to as pen testing, is a security assessment technique where ethical hackers simulate cyberattacks to identify vulnerabilities in a system, network, or application. The process involves planning, information gathering, vulnerability scanning, exploitation, and reporting. Pen testers attempt to exploit identified weaknesses to assess the security posture of the target environment. Penetration…
Explanation:A firewall is a network security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted network and potentially harmful external networks. Firewalls filter traffic based on parameters like IP addresses, protocols, and ports. They are configured to permit or block…
Explanation: Cybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting networks, systems, and data from cyber threats, including unauthorized access, cyberattacks, and data breaches. As technology advances, cybersecurity becomes increasingly essential for organizations and individuals alike. A comprehensive cybersecurity strategy involves multiple layers of protection across networks, applications, and devices. Security measures include implementing firewalls, intrusion detection…
Bus topology is a network setup where all devices share a single central communication cable (bus). Elaboration: Example: Older Ethernet networks used a coaxial bus topology, where all computers connected to a single cable.
Mesh topology is a network design where each device connects to multiple other devices, ensuring high reliability. Elaboration: Example: A wireless mesh network (WMN) in smart cities, where multiple Wi-Fi routers interconnect for seamless coverage.