Deadlock is a situation in operating systems where two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release resources. It typically occurs in concurrent systems when multiple processes require exclusive access to shared resources such as memory, I/O devices, or files. Deadlock is a state in a multi-process…
A thread is the smallest unit of execution within a process in an operating system. It represents a sequence of executable instructions that can run concurrently with other threads within the same process. Threads share the process’s resources, such as code, data, and files, but each thread has its own stack, program counter, and set…
A process is a fundamental concept in operating systems (OS) representing a program in execution. It encompasses the program code, its current activity, and the necessary resources such as memory, files, and I/O devices required for its execution. Processes are dynamic entities that transition through various states, including new, ready, running, waiting, and terminated as…