Requirements gathering is the process of collecting user needs and defining software specifications. Explanation:

Risk management in software development identifies, assesses, and mitigates potential risks. Explanation:

Software prototyping is the early-stage development of a working model before full implementation. Explanation:

Build automation refers to automating software compilation, packaging, and deployment. Explanation: Example Maven Build (pom.xml) xml<project> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>my-app</artifactId> <version>1.0</version></project>

Release management is the process of planning, testing, and deploying software updates. Explanation:

Software maintenance involves modifying, updating, and improving software after deployment. Explanation:

API testing verifies if APIs function correctly by checking requests, responses, and data validation. Explanation: Example API Test (Python – requests) import requestsresponse = requests.get(“https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1”)print(response.json()) # Prints API response

Selenium is an automation testing framework used to test web applications. Explanation: Example Selenium Test (Python) python from selenium import webdriverdriver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.get(“https://www.google.com”)print(driver.title) # Prints webpage titledriver.quit()

JUnit is a Java testing framework used for unit testing and ensuring code correctness. Explanation: Example JUnit Test: import org.junit.Test;import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;public class CalculatorTest { @Test public void testAddition() { assertEquals(5, 2 + 3); }}

Mock testing is a software testing technique where simulated objects replace real components to test functionality in isolation. Explanation: Example (Python Mock Test using unittest.mock) from unittest.mock import Mock# Create a mock objectdatabase = Mock()database.get_user.return_value = {‘id’: 1, ‘name’: ‘Alice’}# Test function using the mockprint(database.get_user(1)) # Output: {‘id’: 1, ‘name’: ‘Alice’}