Subnetting divides a larger IP network into smaller sub-networks for efficient IP allocation and traffic management.

Elaboration:

• Reduces network congestion and improves security.
• Uses subnet masks to determine network and host portions.

Example Calculation:

For 192.168.1.0/24, dividing into 4 subnets:

nginxCopyEditSubnet 1: 192.168.1.0/26 (64 addresses)
Subnet 2: 192.168.1.64/26 (64 addresses)
Subnet 3: 192.168.1.128/26 (64 addresses)
Subnet 4: 192.168.1.192/26 (64 addresses)