SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are cryptographic protocols that encrypt data transmission over networks to ensure security and privacy.

Elaboration:

• TLS 1.2 and TLS 1.3 are the latest secure standards, replacing SSL.
• Used in HTTPS (secure web browsing), VPNs, and secure email protocols.
• Provides encryption, authentication, and integrity.

Example:

A bank’s website (https://bank.com) uses TLS to encrypt user transactions, ensuring security.

To check a website’s certificate:

1. Open the site in a browser.
2. Click the lock icon in the address bar.