Scheduling in operating systems involves the efficient allocation of the CPU to processes. The objective is to maximize resource utilization, reduce waiting times, and ensure fair execution of all processes.

Scheduling is the method by which an operating system decides which process or thread will be executed by the CPU at any given time. Formally, scheduling is defined as the process of allocating CPU time to processes in a way that maximizes system throughput, minimizes response time, and ensures fairness. Scheduling algorithms, such as First-Come, First-Served (FCFS), Shortest Job Next (SJN), Round Robin (RR), and Priority Scheduling, are employed to determine the order in which processes are executed based on factors like priority, process length, and system load.

There are different types of scheduling algorithms, such as First-Come, First-Served (FCFS), Shortest Job Next (SJN), Round Robin (RR), and Priority Scheduling. These algorithms may be classified into preemptive and non-preemptive categories based on whether a process can be interrupted during execution.

Efficient scheduling is essential for achieving system responsiveness, throughput, and fairness. It is especially critical in real-time systems where task deadlines are stringent.