Explanation:
Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim’s data or locks them out of their systems until a ransom is paid to the attacker.

Once a system is infected, files are rendered inaccessible, and victims are typically presented with a ransom demand, often in cryptocurrency. Notorious ransomware strains include WannaCry, LockBit, and REvil.

Ransomware attacks can cripple organizations by halting operations and causing significant financial losses. Paying the ransom does not guarantee that data will be restored.

Additional Information:
Attackers often deliver ransomware through phishing emails, malicious downloads, or software vulnerabilities. Double extortion ransomware also threatens to leak stolen data if the ransom is not paid.

Organizations protect against ransomware through regular backups, patch management, and user awareness training. Endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools help detect ransomware activities early.

Formal Definition:
Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts data or locks system access, demanding payment in exchange for restoring access or data availability.