Explanation:Process synchronization is a technique used in operating systems to coordinate the execution of concurrent processes, ensuring data consistency and preventing race conditions. Synchronization mechanisms are essential when multiple processes or threads access shared resources simultaneously. Common techniques include semaphores, mutexes, and monitors. The primary goals of process synchronization are mutual exclusion, progress, and bounded…
Explanation:A device driver is software that allows the operating system to communicate and control hardware components, such as printers, graphics cards, and storage devices. Device drivers act as a translator between hardware and the operating system, converting OS instructions into commands that hardware can execute. Operating systems include a variety of built-in drivers, but users…
Explanation:The BIOS is firmware embedded on a computer’s motherboard that initializes and tests hardware components during the boot process. It provides a software interface for the operating system to communicate with hardware devices. BIOS performs essential tasks like the Power-On Self Test (POST), identifying boot devices, and loading the operating system bootloader. Although BIOS has…
Explanation:Booting is the process of starting a computer and loading the operating system into memory. It begins when the computer is powered on and continues until the system is ready for user interaction. The boot process involves several stages, including hardware initialization, loading the bootloader, and transferring control to the operating system kernel. There are…
Explanation:Round Robin (RR) is a preemptive CPU scheduling algorithm designed for time-sharing systems. Each process is assigned a fixed time quantum, and the processes are executed in a cyclic order. If a process does not complete within its allocated time, it is moved to the end of the queue. This algorithm ensures fairness and responsiveness…