Code refactoring is the process of restructuring existing code without changing its behavior.

Explanation:

• Improves readability, maintainability, and performance.
• Uses techniques like Extract Method, Rename Variable, and Remove Duplicates.
• Reduces technical debt and enhances scalability.

Example:

Before Refactoring (Bad Code)

pythondef calculate_price(price, tax):
    return price + (price * 0.15)  # Hardcoded tax

After Refactoring (Good Code)

pythondef calculate_price(price, tax_rate=0.15):
    return price + (price * tax_rate)

• The tax rate is now configurable, making the function more flexible.