Encyclopedia

Category: Computer Science

  • Multi-threading

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    Explanation:Multi-threading is a technique that allows multiple threads to execute concurrently within a single process. A thread is a lightweight sub-process that shares resources such as memory, file handles, and code with other threads within the same process but has its own program counter, stack, and registers. Multi-threading improves the efficiency and responsiveness of applications…

  • Multitasking

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    Explanation:Multitasking is an operating system feature that allows multiple processes to run concurrently by sharing the CPU. This enables the system to perform multiple tasks efficiently, improving user experience and system productivity. The two main types of multitasking are preemptive multitasking and cooperative multitasking. In preemptive multitasking, the operating system decides which process gets CPU…

  • Process Control Block (PCB)

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    Explanation:The Process Control Block (PCB) is a crucial data structure in operating systems that stores essential information about a process. It allows the operating system to manage and control processes effectively. Every process in the system is associated with a unique PCB that holds its operational metadata. The PCB contains several fields such as the…

  • System Call

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    Explanation:A system call is a fundamental mechanism that provides an interface between user applications and the operating system. It allows user-level processes to request services from the kernel, such as process control, file management, and communication. Unlike regular function calls, system calls switch the process execution from user mode to kernel mode, granting the process…

  • Burn Down Chart

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    A Burn Down Chart is a graphical representation of work completed vs. remaining work over time. Explanation: Example Burn Down Chart:

  • Sprint

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    A Sprint is a fixed-length development cycle (usually 1-4 weeks) in Scrum methodology. Explanation:

  • Product Backlog

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    A Product Backlog is a prioritized list of features, enhancements, and fixes to be implemented in a product. Explanation: Example: A to-do list for a task management app might include:

  • Scrum Master

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    A Scrum Master is responsible for ensuring that the Scrum framework is followed in Agile development. Explanation:

  • Code Refactoring

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    Code refactoring is the process of restructuring existing code without changing its behavior. Explanation: Example: Before Refactoring (Bad Code) pythondef calculate_price(price, tax): return price + (price * 0.15) # Hardcoded tax After Refactoring (Good Code) pythondef calculate_price(price, tax_rate=0.15): return price + (price * tax_rate)

  • Pair Programming

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    Pair programming is a technique where two developers work together on the same code. Explanation: