Explanation:
A cryptographic hash function is a mathematical algorithm that takes an input and produces a fixed-size string, typically a hash value or message digest.

These functions are deterministic, meaning the same input will always produce the same output. They are used in data integrity checks, digital signatures, and password storage.

Properties such as collision resistance, preimage resistance, and efficiency make cryptographic hash functions essential in secure systems.

Additional Information:
Popular cryptographic hash functions include SHA-256, SHA-3, and MD5 (now considered insecure).

Cryptographic hash functions are fundamental to blockchain technology, where they secure transactions and maintain a tamper-proof ledger. They also help verify software integrity and secure communications.

Formal Definition:
A cryptographic hash function is an algorithm that transforms input data into a fixed-size string, ensuring data integrity by being collision-resistant and deterministic.