The Application Layer (Layer 7 of the OSI model) provides the interface for end-users and applications to communicate over a network.

Elaboration:

• Includes protocols like HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP, and DNS.
• Directly interacts with web browsers, email clients, and file transfer applications.
• Converts data into a human-readable format.

Example:

When you visit a website, the Application Layer (HTTP/HTTPS) ensures that web content is displayed correctly in your browser.